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IMF-103-01-0001-en	Why are social determinants described as more than distant background factors?	They directly shape exposure, physiological stress, developmental opportunity, disease detection, treatment feasibility, and recovery.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0002-en	What does calling a health difference an inequity add beyond calling it an inequality?	An inequality is any measurable difference; calling it an inequity adds a normative claim that it is avoidable and unjust in relation to social arrangements, a claim that should be made explicit.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0003-en	How does equity differ from equality in allocating resources?	Equality provides the same resources to everyone, whereas equity allocates according to need and barriers so that people have a fair opportunity to attain health.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0004-en	What does the social gradient imply about where health differences occur?	Health often improves at each step up the socioeconomic hierarchy, so differences are not confined to a divide between the poorest and everyone else.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0005-en	Why does reducing socioeconomic conditions to personal lifestyle lead interventions astray?	It mistakes the mechanism, so interventions may demand behaviour that the surrounding environment makes costly or unsafe.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0006-en	Why can an association between educational attainment and health not be read as one direct treatment effect?	Health also affects education, schooling years differ in quality across place and cohort, and attainment may represent knowledge, credential-based opportunity, early-life advantage, or several pathways.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0007-en	Why is job title alone a poor measure of occupational exposure?	Exposure depends on task, schedule, control, protection, employment status, and cumulative history, which a title does not capture.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0008-en	Why should a clinician ask where a person lives before advising rest, refrigeration, wound hygiene, or isolation?	Housing instability disrupts medicine storage and follow-up, so a plan made without asking can be medically correct but impossible to carry out.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0009-en	In area-level analyses, why can adjusting for individual socioeconomic position be misleading?	Area associations reflect both contextual effects and resident characteristics, and individual adjustment can remove part of the very pathway one seeks to understand.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0010-en	Why can standard nutrition advice increase shame without changing intake in food insecurity?	It assumes money, time, refrigeration, cooking facilities, transport, and acceptable ingredients, while energy-dense products may be the affordable, storable, and accessible option.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0011-en	Why must transport interventions be evaluated for their distribution as well as their average benefit?	Improved amenities can raise housing costs and displace low-income residents even while producing broad health effects.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0012-en	What distinguishes isolation from loneliness?	Isolation is an objective lack of contact, whereas loneliness is a perceived mismatch between desired and actual connection, so crowded households can be lonely and living alone need not be.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0013-en	Through which two routes can discrimination affect health?	It alters access to housing, education, employment, wealth, safety, and care, and repeated threat and vigilance affect stress physiology.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0014-en	Why is substituting broad race categories for genotype, environment, or lived experience a scientific error?	Racism is not a biological property of racialised groups; its biological consequences arise through unequal treatment and exposure, so broad categories cannot stand in for those variables.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0015-en	How does intersectionality differ from simply adding disadvantages together?	It examines how systems combine, so a wealthy and a poor disabled person may share access barriers yet face different material constraints.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0016-en	Why is adult intervention still worthwhile when early-life exposures matter?	Developmental history changes probability, not inevitability, and protective experiences can interrupt chains of risk.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0017-en	Why can regulation of commercial determinants act powerfully, and what should it anticipate?	Individual choice occurs within engineered environments, so regulation can change defaults and exposure at scale, but it should anticipate substitution, illicit markets, regressive costs, and industry adaptation.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0018-en	Why does insurance or formal entitlement not guarantee access to care?	Administrative complexity, language, disability access, discrimination, opening hours, digital exclusion, and fear of authorities can create effective barriers to timely competent care.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0019-en	What does the inverse care law describe, and why can equal appointment length be inequitable?	Good care tends to be least available where need is greatest, especially under market forces; equal time is inequitable when complexity differs.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0020-en	How does proportionate universalism avoid the problems of both residual and need-blind services?	It provides services to everyone but scales their size and intensity to disadvantage, avoiding both services only for the poor and distribution blind to need.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0021-en	What distinguishes a high-risk prevention strategy from a population strategy?	A high-risk strategy gives large benefit to few people but depends on detection and continued engagement; a population strategy shifts the whole distribution, giving many small benefits and addressing causes of incidence.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0022-en	Why can a population strategy widen inequality, and which combination helps?	Advantaged groups may adopt it first; combining universal environmental change with targeted support often improves both average outcome and distribution.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0023-en	Why can absolute and relative measures of inequity give conflicting pictures?	Absolute differences show event-rate gaps and relative differences show proportional disparity, and the two can move in opposite directions as overall rates change.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending
IMF-103-01-0024-en	Why are social determinants not an excuse for therapeutic pessimism, and how do clinical and policy action relate?	They are causal candidates: clinicians can identify barriers, adapt treatment, document needs with consent, and connect services, while policy acts upstream; neither level substitutes for the other.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 103, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 28f386fd0bb1b840d256847c38c6a9ba441475603bb55f90d6df84ca58e545a3; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::103 module::103-01 review::pending