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IMF-099-01-0001-en	Why should clinical assessment avoid interpreting every learning failure as loss of memory?	Memory is not a single faculty: a person can acquire a skill without recalling the practice episode, so assessment separates sensory access, attention, encoding, retention, retrieval, language, motivation, and performance.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0002-en	What distinguishes habituation from sensory fatigue?	In habituation the response can recover after time or a novel stimulus, showing that the nervous system is estimating the stimulus's significance rather than simply failing to sense it.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0003-en	How does sensitisation contribute to symptoms after a threat?	Sensitisation increases responsiveness after a strong or important stimulus and can generalise beyond the original cue, contributing to heightened pain, vigilance, or startle.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0004-en	Why is temporal pairing alone not enough for classical conditioning to be acquired?	Acquisition depends on contingency: the cue must add information about the outcome, not merely occur near it in time.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0005-en	What do spontaneous recovery, renewal, and reinstatement reveal about extinction?	That extinction usually creates new inhibitory learning rather than erasing the original association, so the older memory remains available.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0006-en	How do the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal regions contribute differently to fear conditioning?	The amygdala assigns threat value and coordinates autonomic and behavioural output, the hippocampus represents context and relationships, and prefrontal systems regulate expression by safety and goals, as interacting networks.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0007-en	On what learning processes does exposure-based treatment rely, and what conditions support its success?	It uses prediction error and inhibitory learning, and succeeds with tolerable engagement, varied safe contexts, and chances to learn that feared outcomes do not occur or can be managed.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0008-en	How can negative reinforcement maintain avoidance, and why is that harmful?	Negative means something is removed: escape removes anxiety immediately, reinforcing avoidance, yet avoidance prevents corrective learning and causes long-term disability.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0009-en	Why does intermittent reinforcement help explain durable checking and gambling, compared with continuous reinforcement?	Continuous reinforcement gives rapid acquisition but quick extinction when reward stops, whereas intermittent reinforcement with unpredictable response number or timing makes behaviour persistent.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0010-en	Why does shaping with small achievable steps work better in health care than demands far beyond capacity?	Reinforcing successive approximations establishes self-efficacy, whereas demands beyond current capacity repeatedly punish effort and reduce engagement.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0011-en	When is instruction by demonstration most likely to change a learner's behaviour?	When the demonstrated action is feasible in the learner's own environment and feedback corrects performance rather than merely restating information.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0012-en	Why may apparent nonadherence reflect cognitive overload rather than opposition?	Working memory holds only limited information, and its capacity falls with distraction, sleep deprivation, pain, anxiety, intoxication, and acute illness.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0013-en	Why does chunking help an expert but not automatically help a novice?	Chunking reduces working-memory burden by using meaningful structure, but expertise-specific chunks do not transfer automatically to someone who lacks that structure.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0014-en	How does the role of hippocampal networks in declarative memory differ from that of cortical systems?	Medial temporal, especially hippocampal, networks are critical for forming new declarative memories but are not the permanent repository; distributed cortical systems support long-term representations.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0015-en	Why is the fluency of rereading a poor guide to learning, and which strategies strengthen durable retention?	Familiarity can rise without the ability to retrieve or apply information; retrieval practice beats passive rereading, and spacing beats massed repetition.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0016-en	How does synaptic consolidation differ from systems consolidation?	Synaptic consolidation unfolds over minutes to hours through receptor trafficking, kinase signalling, gene expression, and protein synthesis, while systems consolidation reorganises dependence across networks over longer periods.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0017-en	Why does better performance after sleep not prove that sleep improved memory storage?	Sleep also restores attention and emotion regulation, so improvement does not arise from storage processes alone.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0018-en	How does coincident activity at an excitatory synapse induce long-term potentiation?	Coincident depolarisation and glutamate signalling permit calcium entry through N M D A receptors, triggering kinase pathways and insertion or modification of A M P A receptors.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0019-en	Why is long-term depression as important as long-term potentiation?	Weakening selected synapses supports refinement and flexibility and prevents saturation of synaptic strength.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0020-en	How can stress hormones both help and harm memory?	They may strengthen memory for central emotional features while impairing flexible contextual recall.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0021-en	Why is high confidence in a recollection not a reliable sign that it is accurate?	Retrieval is reconstructive: current context, expectations, emotion, and later information fill gaps, and suggestive questioning or repeated imagination can alter recollection.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0022-en	How do proactive and retroactive interference differ, and what teaching approach follows?	Proactive interference is older learning disrupting new learning; retroactive is newer material disrupting access to older. Teaching should vary examples and require recall under conditions resembling future use.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0023-en	How does the memory deficit from medial temporal damage differ from that of frontal dysfunction?	Medial temporal damage impairs new episodic learning while sparing immediate span, remote knowledge, or skill; frontal dysfunction impairs strategy, source monitoring, and retrieval despite retained storage.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending
IMF-099-01-0024-en	Under what conditions do errors promote learning, and why does excessive threat undermine it?	Errors help when the environment is psychologically safe and correction explains the governing rule; excessive threat narrows attention and encourages concealment, harming learning and patient safety.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 99, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 8c9c4ef19fad7b7123b151b4e9435c888898984c746d7044c4892a74b59ccb9e; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::099 module::099-01 review::pending