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IMF-078-03-0001-en	How does the functional division of the liver differ from its anatomical lobes?	Anatomical lobes are separated by the falciform ligament on the surface; the functional plane follows portal inflow and biliary drainage along the middle hepatic vein from gallbladder fossa to inferior vena cava.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 78, TTS module 3; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1f2db26b7130c3b55e64813b49b4fef4d6aa157181607884f27286ac0ee7f63c; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::078 module::078-03 review::pending
IMF-078-03-0002-en	Why do Couinaud segments permit selective resection, and what is distinctive about segment one?	Each is an independent portal territory with portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct branches centrally and hepatic veins between segments; the caudate drains directly to the inferior vena cava.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 78, TTS module 3; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1f2db26b7130c3b55e64813b49b4fef4d6aa157181607884f27286ac0ee7f63c; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::078 module::078-03 review::pending
IMF-078-03-0003-en	How are structures usually arranged within the hepatoduodenal ligament?	Bile duct lies right anterior, proper hepatic artery left anterior, and portal vein posterior, though branching variants are frequent.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 78, TTS module 3; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1f2db26b7130c3b55e64813b49b4fef4d6aa157181607884f27286ac0ee7f63c; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::078 module::078-03 review::pending
IMF-078-03-0004-en	Why does compressing the portal triad reduce some liver bleeding but not all?	Compression in the hepatoduodenal ligament cuts portal and arterial inflow, but hepatic veins drain directly into the inferior vena cava, so hepatic-vein or caval bleeding persists.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 78, TTS module 3; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1f2db26b7130c3b55e64813b49b4fef4d6aa157181607884f27286ac0ee7f63c; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::078 module::078-03 review::pending
IMF-078-03-0005-en	Where do portal-systemic anastomoses lie, and why are enlarged abdominal wall veins not specific for portal hypertension?	At distal oesophagus, rectum, paraumbilical region, retroperitoneal surfaces, and bare area; caput medusae follows paraumbilical channels, but superficial veins also enlarge in other caval obstructions.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 78, TTS module 3; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1f2db26b7130c3b55e64813b49b4fef4d6aa157181607884f27286ac0ee7f63c; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::078 module::078-03 review::pending
IMF-078-03-0006-en	Why must the cystic artery and ducts be identified before division during gallbladder surgery?	The cystic artery usually arises from the right hepatic artery in the hepatocystic triangle, but arterial and duct variants, including accessory hepatic ducts near the gallbladder bed, are common.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 78, TTS module 3; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1f2db26b7130c3b55e64813b49b4fef4d6aa157181607884f27286ac0ee7f63c; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::078 module::078-03 review::pending
IMF-078-03-0007-en	How does the site of gallstone obstruction determine the clinical consequence?	Cystic duct obstruction causes gallbladder inflammation, common bile duct obstruction causes jaundice or cholangitis, and ampullary obstruction affects pancreatic drainage.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 78, TTS module 3; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1f2db26b7130c3b55e64813b49b4fef4d6aa157181607884f27286ac0ee7f63c; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::078 module::078-03 review::pending
IMF-078-03-0008-en	Why is the pancreatic tail vulnerable during splenic surgery?	The tail lies in the splenorenal ligament extending toward the splenic hilum with the splenic vessels, and is relatively intraperitoneal.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 78, TTS module 3; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1f2db26b7130c3b55e64813b49b4fef4d6aa157181607884f27286ac0ee7f63c; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::078 module::078-03 review::pending
IMF-078-03-0009-en	Why can pancreatitis spread widely beyond the pancreas?	As a retroperitoneal gland behind the lesser sac and near the transverse mesocolon, it can spread through retroperitoneal planes, lesser sac, mesentery, and paracolic spaces.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 78, TTS module 3; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1f2db26b7130c3b55e64813b49b4fef4d6aa157181607884f27286ac0ee7f63c; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::078 module::078-03 review::pending
IMF-078-03-0010-en	How can isolated splenic-vein thrombosis cause gastric varices?	The splenic vein runs behind the pancreas to join the superior mesenteric vein; blocking it alone produces left-sided portal hypertension, with gastric varices.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 78, TTS module 3; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1f2db26b7130c3b55e64813b49b4fef4d6aa157181607884f27286ac0ee7f63c; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::078 module::078-03 review::pending
IMF-078-03-0011-en	Why does splenic rupture often produce left-shoulder pain?	Intraperitoneal bleeding irritates the diaphragm, which refers pain to the left shoulder.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 78, TTS module 3; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1f2db26b7130c3b55e64813b49b4fef4d6aa157181607884f27286ac0ee7f63c; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::078 module::078-03 review::pending
IMF-078-03-0012-en	How do the left gonadal and suprarenal veins reach the inferior vena cava, unlike those on the right?	On the left they usually enter the left renal vein, which crosses anterior to the aorta beneath the superior mesenteric artery; right gonadal and suprarenal veins enter the cava directly.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 78, TTS module 3; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1f2db26b7130c3b55e64813b49b4fef4d6aa157181607884f27286ac0ee7f63c; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::078 module::078-03 review::pending
IMF-078-03-0013-en	What distinguishes pre-aortic from lateral aortic lymph nodes in what they drain?	Pre-aortic nodes follow the unpaired arteries and drain gastrointestinal organs; lateral aortic nodes drain kidneys, adrenals, gonads, posterior wall, and pelvic common-iliac pathways.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 78, TTS module 3; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1f2db26b7130c3b55e64813b49b4fef4d6aa157181607884f27286ac0ee7f63c; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::078 module::078-03 review::pending
IMF-078-03-0014-en	How does fluid behave differently in intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal compartments on imaging?	Intraperitoneal fluid outlines mobile viscera and collects in recesses, whereas retroperitoneal fluid tracks along fascial compartments and psoas.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 78, TTS module 3; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1f2db26b7130c3b55e64813b49b4fef4d6aa157181607884f27286ac0ee7f63c; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::078 module::078-03 review::pending