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IMF-076-02-0001-en	Why can weakness of serratus anterior or trapezius cause winging or impingement-like symptoms during arm elevation?	Elevation combines glenohumeral movement with upward scapular rotation, and weakness of these muscles disrupts that upward rotation.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 76, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 47855b928705ec8465ff8c9269fa45ea1e1c0ae07ce925d8a54cd49af4abcc28; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::076 module::076-02 review::pending
IMF-076-02-0002-en	Why does the shoulder rely on dynamic as well as static stabilisation?	The humeral head is large relative to the shallow glenoid, so labrum, capsule, ligaments and negative pressure are supplemented by rotator-cuff compression and coordinated scapular muscles.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 76, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 47855b928705ec8465ff8c9269fa45ea1e1c0ae07ce925d8a54cd49af4abcc28; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::076 module::076-02 review::pending
IMF-076-02-0003-en	Which arm position predisposes to anterior-inferior shoulder dislocation, and which neurovascular structures are at risk?	Force on the abducted, externally rotated arm; the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral vessels are vulnerable near the surgical neck.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 76, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 47855b928705ec8465ff8c9269fa45ea1e1c0ae07ce925d8a54cd49af4abcc28; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::076 module::076-02 review::pending
IMF-076-02-0004-en	Why does acromial shape alone not explain pain during shoulder elevation?	Subacromial pain can arise from tendon disease, bursal inflammation, altered mechanics or referred sources, so shape alone does not establish causality.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 76, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 47855b928705ec8465ff8c9269fa45ea1e1c0ae07ce925d8a54cd49af4abcc28; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::076 module::076-02 review::pending
IMF-076-02-0005-en	Why is the radial nerve vulnerable in humeral-shaft injury?	After supplying triceps it travels with the profunda brachii artery in the radial groove against the humeral shaft.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 76, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 47855b928705ec8465ff8c9269fa45ea1e1c0ae07ce925d8a54cd49af4abcc28; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::076 module::076-02 review::pending
IMF-076-02-0006-en	Why is venepuncture of the median cubital vein relatively safe for deeper cubital-fossa structures?	The vein lies superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis, which protects the deeper biceps tendon, brachial artery and median nerve.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 76, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 47855b928705ec8465ff8c9269fa45ea1e1c0ae07ce925d8a54cd49af4abcc28; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::076 module::076-02 review::pending
IMF-076-02-0007-en	Most anterior forearm muscles are median-supplied. Which are exceptions, and what does the anterior interosseous nerve supply?	Flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial part of flexor digitorum profundus are ulnar; the anterior interosseous nerve supplies flexor pollicis longus, lateral profundus and pronator quadratus.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 76, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 47855b928705ec8465ff8c9269fa45ea1e1c0ae07ce925d8a54cd49af4abcc28; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::076 module::076-02 review::pending
IMF-076-02-0008-en	Why can posterior interosseous nerve compression cause finger-extension weakness with little sensory loss?	The radial nerve splits into a superficial sensory branch and a deep motor branch, and only the deep branch passes through supinator to become the posterior interosseous nerve.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 76, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 47855b928705ec8465ff8c9269fa45ea1e1c0ae07ce925d8a54cd49af4abcc28; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::076 module::076-02 review::pending
IMF-076-02-0009-en	Why is the proximal pole of the scaphoid at risk after a fall on the extended hand?	The scaphoid bridges the carpal rows and is vulnerable in such falls, and its proximal pole depends on retrograde blood flow, risking avascular necrosis.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 76, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 47855b928705ec8465ff8c9269fa45ea1e1c0ae07ce925d8a54cd49af4abcc28; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::076 module::076-02 review::pending
IMF-076-02-0010-en	Why can palmar sensation be spared in carpal tunnel compression of the median nerve?	The palmar cutaneous branch passes superficial to the flexor retinaculum, so it escapes compression even as the lateral three and a half digits and thenar muscles are affected.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 76, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 47855b928705ec8465ff8c9269fa45ea1e1c0ae07ce925d8a54cd49af4abcc28; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::076 module::076-02 review::pending
IMF-076-02-0011-en	How can the lumbricals flex the metacarpophalangeal joints yet extend the interphalangeal joints?	They act on the metacarpophalangeal joints directly but reach the interphalangeal joints through the extensor expansions.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 76, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 47855b928705ec8465ff8c9269fa45ea1e1c0ae07ce925d8a54cd49af4abcc28; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::076 module::076-02 review::pending
IMF-076-02-0012-en	How do the median and ulnar nerves divide hand function?	The median nerve provides precision through thenar muscles, lateral lumbricals and radial palm sensation; the ulnar nerve supplies most intrinsics, enabling power grip and finger abduction and adduction.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 76, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 47855b928705ec8465ff8c9269fa45ea1e1c0ae07ce925d8a54cd49af4abcc28; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::076 module::076-02 review::pending
IMF-076-02-0013-en	Why does a brachial-plexus root lesion produce a different deficit pattern from a lesion of one named nerve?	Fibres redistribute through trunks, divisions and cords, so a root lesion affects portions of several terminal nerves.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 76, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 47855b928705ec8465ff8c9269fa45ea1e1c0ae07ce925d8a54cd49af4abcc28; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::076 module::076-02 review::pending
IMF-076-02-0014-en	Which nerve or vessel is threatened by fractures of the surgical neck, humeral shaft and supracondylar region, and by medial epicondyle injury?	Surgical neck: axillary nerve; shaft: radial nerve; medial epicondyle: ulnar nerve; supracondylar: brachial artery and median-related fibres.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 76, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 47855b928705ec8465ff8c9269fa45ea1e1c0ae07ce925d8a54cd49af4abcc28; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::076 module::076-02 review::pending