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IMF-003-02-0001-en	What is haploinsufficiency?	One functional allele does not produce enough gene product to maintain normal function.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 3, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 90e40fd4c0bb4e3394efca13af3868b941f2b9e529d0d1991d1b6aafd79bd03b; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::003 module::003-02 review::pending
IMF-003-02-0002-en	How does a dominant-negative protein cause dysfunction?	It interferes with the normal gene product, often within a shared protein complex.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 3, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 90e40fd4c0bb4e3394efca13af3868b941f2b9e529d0d1991d1b6aafd79bd03b; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::003 module::003-02 review::pending
IMF-003-02-0003-en	What distinguishes gain of function from loss of function?	Gain of function creates excessive, constitutive, or new activity; loss of function reduces useful activity.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 3, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 90e40fd4c0bb4e3394efca13af3868b941f2b9e529d0d1991d1b6aafd79bd03b; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::003 module::003-02 review::pending
IMF-003-02-0004-en	How can a post-fertilisation variant produce mosaicism?	It arises in a subset of cells and their descendants, leaving genetically distinct cell populations.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 3, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 90e40fd4c0bb4e3394efca13af3868b941f2b9e529d0d1991d1b6aafd79bd03b; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::003 module::003-02 review::pending
IMF-003-02-0005-en	Why can a negative parental blood test fail to exclude recurrence from germline mosaicism?	A variant may be present in germ cells without being detectable in the sampled blood cells.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 3, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 90e40fd4c0bb4e3394efca13af3868b941f2b9e529d0d1991d1b6aafd79bd03b; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::003 module::003-02 review::pending
IMF-003-02-0006-en	Does finding a variant of uncertain significance establish a genetic diagnosis?	No. Its pathogenicity is unresolved and requires additional evidence; the finding alone is not diagnostic.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 3, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 90e40fd4c0bb4e3394efca13af3868b941f2b9e529d0d1991d1b6aafd79bd03b; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::003 module::003-02 review::pending
IMF-003-02-0007-en	Which system commonly degrades ubiquitin-tagged misfolded cytosolic proteins?	The proteasome system.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 3, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 90e40fd4c0bb4e3394efca13af3868b941f2b9e529d0d1991d1b6aafd79bd03b; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::003 module::003-02 review::pending
IMF-003-02-0008-en	What is mitophagy?	Selective removal of mitochondria through autophagy, helping eliminate damaged mitochondria.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 3, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 90e40fd4c0bb4e3394efca13af3868b941f2b9e529d0d1991d1b6aafd79bd03b; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::003 module::003-02 review::pending
IMF-003-02-0009-en	Why are reactive oxygen species not exclusively harmful?	Controlled amounts participate in signalling and host defence; damage occurs when production exceeds protective and repair capacity.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 3, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 90e40fd4c0bb4e3394efca13af3868b941f2b9e529d0d1991d1b6aafd79bd03b; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::003 module::003-02 review::pending
IMF-003-02-0010-en	How does lipid peroxidation compromise a cell membrane?	It damages membrane lipids and increases leakiness, impairing compartmentalisation and gradients.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 3, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 90e40fd4c0bb4e3394efca13af3868b941f2b9e529d0d1991d1b6aafd79bd03b; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::003 module::003-02 review::pending
IMF-003-02-0011-en	Which calcium-activated enzyme class can directly break down membrane phospholipids during injury?	Phospholipases.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 3, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 90e40fd4c0bb4e3394efca13af3868b941f2b9e529d0d1991d1b6aafd79bd03b; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::003 module::003-02 review::pending
IMF-003-02-0012-en	Why is there no single universal bedside time threshold for irreversible cell injury?	Irreversibility depends on interacting mitochondrial, membrane, ion-control, and repair failures that vary across cells and conditions.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 3, TTS module 2; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 90e40fd4c0bb4e3394efca13af3868b941f2b9e529d0d1991d1b6aafd79bd03b; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::003 module::003-02 review::pending