#separator:Tab
#html:false
#tags column:5
IMF-002-01-0001-en	How does a graded potential differ from an action potential in amplitude?	Graded-potential amplitude varies with stimulus strength; an action potential is all-or-none once threshold is reached.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0002-en	Which ion movement produces the rapid rising phase of a typical neuronal action potential?	Sodium influx through voltage-gated sodium channels.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0003-en	Which ion movement promotes repolarisation of a typical neuronal action potential?	Potassium efflux through voltage-gated potassium channels, while sodium channels are inactivated.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0004-en	Why can brief after-hyperpolarisation follow an action potential?	Potassium conductance can remain elevated after repolarisation.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0005-en	How can a stronger stimulus be encoded without increasing individual action-potential height?	By increasing firing frequency or recruiting additional neurons.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0006-en	What is saltatory conduction?	Rapid conduction in a myelinated axon, with action potentials regenerated at nodes of Ranvier and current spreading between nodes.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0007-en	What immediate presynaptic event triggers neurotransmitter release at a chemical synapse?	Calcium entry through voltage-gated calcium channels.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0008-en	How do ionotropic and metabotropic receptors differ in signal transduction?	Ionotropic receptors directly control ion channels; metabotropic receptors act through intracellular signalling pathways.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0009-en	Why does a circulating hormone not produce the same response in every cell?	Target cells must have the appropriate receptors and response machinery.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0010-en	Where does rising thyroid hormone exert negative feedback in the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis?	At both the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary, reducing stimulation of the thyroid axis.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0011-en	What is sensory transduction?	Conversion of physical or chemical stimulus energy into an electrical signal by a sensory receptor.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0012-en	What feature of a stimulus do rapidly adapting receptors emphasise?	Change, such as movement or vibration, rather than a sustained unchanging stimulus.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0013-en	Which receptor initiates the muscle stretch reflex?	The muscle spindle.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0014-en	What happens to antagonist activity during reciprocal inhibition in a stretch reflex?	It is reduced, facilitating contraction of the stretched muscle.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0015-en	What comparison underlies the cerebellum's role in movement correction?	Intended movement versus actual movement.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0016-en	Why can sampling time affect interpretation of a hormone concentration?	Secretion may be pulsatile or circadian, so a single sample depends on when it was collected.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0017-en	Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates adrenal cortical cortisol production?	Adrenocorticotropic hormone, or ACTH.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0018-en	Which hypothalamic signal tonically inhibits prolactin release?	Dopamine.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0019-en	What change in circulating calcium stimulates parathyroid hormone secretion?	A fall in ionised calcium.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0020-en	How does parathyroid hormone affect renal phosphate reabsorption?	It decreases phosphate reabsorption, promoting urinary phosphate loss.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0021-en	What does the presence of spare receptors imply about maximal response?	A maximal response can occur without occupation of every receptor.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending
IMF-002-01-0022-en	Why is TSH usually elevated in primary thyroid failure?	Low thyroid hormone reduces negative feedback on the pituitary and hypothalamus.	Integrated Medical Foundations; chapter 2, TTS module 1; https://theisegoria.github.io/medical-textbook/integrated-medical-foundations-expanded-english.md; module SHA256 at export: 1166bd3bfef580b29dfcfc623eb4031de6cb5ebeead3e1516d6a1bf3e2dab0a7; editorial review pending	imf lang::en chapter::002 module::002-01 review::pending